Biofuel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biofuel - Essay Example Biofuels have existed since the 1970s. Prior to 2010, each universal business biofuels plant was either a biodiesel or an original ethanol. The United States of America has been named to be the world’s biggest maker of ethanol. In 2009, the USA created around 10.5 billion gallons of ethanol utilizing corn. Brazil comes in second creating eight billion gallons of ethanol utilizing sugarcane. It is weird to see that in reality as we know it where there is shortage of nourishment, there is an enormous utilization of water assets and land in developing harvests for the creation biofuels. As indicated by the United Nations, the best in class biofuels industry may hazard the ascending of nourishment costs. In accordance with the UN-Energy report: Sustainable Energy: a Frame Work for Decision Makers, it expresses that biofuels creation has just determined up maize costs between the year 2006 and 2007. The report likewise expresses that biofuels perhaps would have a double outcome on nourishment supplies. Then again, such harvests could turn away water, land just as different assets from the creation of nourishment. The report cites that except if strategies are framed and embraced to watch undermined lands, push bioenergy advancement economical way when all is said in done and secure collectively satisfactory land use, the social and natural harm could at times eclipse the advantages. A key contention exists on the extension to which approaches of biofuels have added to high unpredictability and farming costs levels. A present report implied for the International Center for Trade and Sustainable Development represents that market driven development of ethanol in United States’ expanded corn costs by 21% in 2009,compared to the costs that would winning if the creation of ethanol had been solidified in 2004. Lester R. Earthy colored expressed that by changing over the entire grain collect of the Americans would just create 16% of its auto fuel needs, vital ity markets are proficiently situated in resistance with nourishment markets for restricted arable land, noteworthy in a higher nourishment cost. Countless R&D endeavors are at present being situated to the creation of second era biofuels from squander, crop deposits and non nourishment crops. Second era biofuels may potentially consolidate cultivating for fuel and nourishment and what's more power could be delivered all the while, this could be gainful to underdeveloped nations just as the country territories in the creating nations (Desilva, 4). Qualities Renewability: Biofuels are anything but difficult to reestablish contrasted with non-renewable energy sources which take generally prolonged stretch of time. This is on the grounds that new yields are planted and their waste material is assembled. Cost: Biofuels are fundamentally more affordable contrasted with fuel. This is valid since expanded overall interest for oil lessens oil supplies subsequently biofuels turning into the main choice. Security: Since biofuels

Sensation and Perception - Free Essay Example

Sensation: Sensation is the detection of both internal or external stimuli. The wavelength, intensity and complexity? of Light? are detected by visual receptors in the? retina? of the eye. There are two types of visual receptors:? rods? and? cones. Since Rods are mostly sensitive to low intensity light they are employed at night. Cones sense color and bright light best so they are more useful during the day. Hecht, Selig (1937). Rods, cones, and the chemical basis of vision.? Physiological Reviews.? 17: 239–290. Sensory receptors in the body register the stimulus. Through the process of transduction such information is converted to neutral information. This travels to the relevant part of the brain where such information is perceived. Optic nerve then transduce such visual information to more useful information. Maberley, D. a. L.; Hollands, H.; Chuo, J.; Tam, G.; Konkal, J.; Roesch, M.; Veselinovic, A.; Witzigmann, M.; Bassett, K. (2005-05-20). Perception: Perception means organizing, identifying and interpreting sensory information to make sense of and understand the environment or the information presented. Schacter, Daniel (2011).? Psychology. Worth Publishers. The process of perception is more complex than sensation. Although it is a passive process it involves manipulation of the incoming signals from the senses through the persons previous learning, memory, personal expectations and attention. Since most of the process occurs in the subconscious mind the process seems less active. Perception is the result of two main processes. 1. Processing the stimuli to convert low level information to higher-level information. 2. Processing resulting from a persons concepts, expectations and personal biases. Bernstein, Douglas A. (5 March 2010).? Essentials of Psychology. Cengage Learning. pp.? 123–124.? Retrieved:? 25 March? 2011. Hypothesis: Human beings use senses to receive information from the surrounding. The information travels to the brain and is understood or perceived by the brain to create meaning. Although the data is sensed the same way by all people the perception can be different. This is because our perception is influence by a variety of factors. Such factors could include our previous experiences, our expectations and differences in culture. I will conduct a study to show how people from different background who receive the same information through their visual senses perceive the information differently. The experiment involves showing a picture to the participants in the study. The participants will belong to two different groups with different background. The picture will be a drawing of a hunting scene. The participants will be looking at the picture to answer a simple question. Which animal is being attacked by the hunter with the spear? Is it the elephant of the antelope? The participants will be divided into two groups. One of the groups will include people who have previous experience with photography. Such people should be able to respond to cues of pictorial depth. The other group should include people from a different background who cannot respond to pictorial depth cues. Such could include elders who havent used electronic devices. The procedure for the study is quite simple. The participants look at the picture for ten seconds in sufficient light. Then they make a tick to answer the question of paper. The two answers to the question will be given on the paper. They can choose elephant or the antelope as their answer. With one group having educated people who can perceive pictorial depth they will probably choose as the animal being attacked. However the other group consisting of mostly uneducated people will tend to choose the elephant as the closer animal. . The answers will be checked for consistency within the group; and for contrast with other groups to see how they have perceived the pictures. To perform the study it will be ensured that the participants dont have problems with eyesight. They should be able to understand and respond to the question. There should be no bias in the answer. They should not mind whether they answer correctly or not so that they actually respond with what they think. This will help us know their actual perception. The reason for the different perception has two dimensions. One is that people who perceive in depth cues about pictures will consider the size of the elephant. The smaller size suggests that the elephant is far off in the picture. However this will only be considered by people who have experience with pictures and can think of minor details in pictures. The other group will probably ignore such detail and will give a different answer. The cultural side to this also needs be considered. For people who havent seen three dimensional scenarios in two dimensions, this can affect their judgment when experiencing such a study. Judgment of distance from a picture comes from seeing many pictures and thinking deeply about them. People having no such experience are prone to tick the wrong answer. The results should imply that although despite receiving the same information with the senses, we judge things based on our previous experience. Which animal is closer to the hunter? The Elephant The Antelope

The Ineffective Use of Capital Punishment - 1445 Words

â€Å" An eye for an eye leaves us all blind doesn’t it â€Å". Capital punishment cost the United states a lot of money. The death penalty can be unfair and can cause innocent lives to be took. The death penalty should be abolished because it is an ineffective way of punishment. There are trials that are unjust and many innocent people that have been killed. Putting people to death cost more than sending people to jail for the rest of their lives. Capital punishment doesn’t affect change. Capital Punishment is the legal authorization for killing someone who committed a crime. The first date for which the death penalty first started goes back as far as Eighteenth century B.C, Fourteenth Century B.C.s Hittite Code, and the Seventh Century B.C.s†¦show more content†¦There are many factors that lead to wrongful convictions such as, racial prejudice, â€Å"snitch† testimony, community and political pressure to solve a case and police misconduct to name a few (amnestyusa.org). Another reason for wrongful convictions some people don’t have or can not afford good legal representation. Race is also a huge factor, a study from University of North Carolina found that if a victim was white then the odds of getting the death penalty increased three and half times (aclu.org). A professor from the University of Iowa found in 1980’s prosecutors in Georgia sought the death penalty for 70% of black defendants and only 15% of white defendants (aclu.org). There are many people who have been convicted with either false evidence or circumstantial evidence. In 25% of innocent cases confessions that are made by people may be false. In 1990 state crime lab analyst said blood was splattered from the wall to the ceiling of the hotel room of patricia jennings.(http://nccadp.org).The crime committed was so brutal that the jury thinks she deserved the death penalty. An audit leaked that the State Crime Law was presenting false blood evidence at trials.(http://nccadp.org).Many people were wrongly convicted for this action. The State had hidden the fact that the spots on the ceiling had tested a negative on the blood that was found. After her lawyer found out about the law he asked for more information from the SBI. In theShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment Of The United States961 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment in the United States For centuries, capital punishment has been used as a consequence of capital crime. Criminals who have committed such crimes are subject to facing the death penalty. Pickens shares, â€Å"Capital crimes are considered to be treason or terrorist attacks against the government, crimes against property when life is threatened, and crimes against a person that may include murder, assault, and robberyRead MoreWhy the Death Penalty is Ineffective1552 Words   |  6 Pages Why the Death Penalty is Ineffective The society constantly tries to reason with an effective way to respond to violence. Differences in opinion on the use of death as punishment arise from differences in religious, ethical, cultural, and morale perspectives. The role of death as a punishment for an offence has not been solved today, and remains a dilemma for the citizenrys political, legal, social, and religious thought. This is because an answer to the question is the death penalty effectiveRead MoreJustice And Punishment In Truman Capotes In Cold Blood976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe case. These people face harsh punishments that only cause worse actions in the future. The theme of justice and punishment is explored by Truman Capote in the book In Cold Blood. The two criminals, Dick and Perry, are challenged by society on if they should be imprisoned or if they should be free. In Capote’s work, the use of syntax, diction, and a variety of details portray the current system of punishment as cruel and ineffective in providing justice. The use of syntax helps describe the treatmentRead MoreDeath Penalty for Murders1634 Words   |  6 Pagessevere punishment in the United States. People who have performed heinous crimes can be sentenced to capital punishment in some states; however, this type of chastisement is rarely performed. Capital punishment has more negative aspects than it has positive. The states that have legalized the death penalty face the excessive costs associated with it, which can be damaging to their economies. In addition, there is always the chance of executing an innocent person when carrying out capital punishmentRead MoreThe Truth About The Death Penalty973 Words   |  4 Pagesthe death penalty should be abolished in all fifty states due to the fact that it is ineffective and very expensive. Kolodny believes that capital punishment has too many complications and variables that cause it be more of an issue than a real solution for capital offenses. She proposes that the death penalty should be dropped and exchanged for better programs such as Proposition 34, which replaces capital punishment for a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. Kolodny’s factualRead MoreArgumentative Essay On Capital Punishment1689 Words   |  7 Pages Abstract Capital punishment is the execution of criminals for the crimes they committed. This paper explores three reasons as to why capital punishment is wrong and should be abolished. One downfall to capital punishment includes the risk of taking an innocent life such as Cameron Todd Willingham who was wrongfully convicted in 1992 and executed in 2004. There is also a risk of having a botched execution. A mistake might be made during the procedure, making it long and painful for the prisonersRead MoreIntroduction Of The Death Penalty Debate1523 Words   |  7 Pages(Banner, 2002, p.118). Individuals who have committed crimes serve their sentences and punishments, or are â€Å"treated†, in prisons. Prisons offer a state of confinement for criminals, all of whom must undergo a proper and humane punishment in a reasonable amount of time for the crimes in which they have committed. There are times, however, where capital punishment takes place and the criminal faces death as their punis hment for the crime. When criminals are faced with the death penalty, controversy arisesRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Cruel And Unusual1092 Words   |  5 Pagespeople believe that capital punishment is cruel and unusual. It is the only punishment that can truly compensate the loss of a loved one. In recent years, the rate of serious crimes has increased. The increase of crime is the result of less effective punishment. Dating back to early civilizations, capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, was viewed as an effective punishment. Yet today’s society it is viewed as cruel and inhumane. I believe that capital punishment should be executedRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1195 Words   |  5 Pagescontinue to use the death penalty as a punishment for heinous crimes? Currently, this turbulent topic continues to be argued. According to the Death Penalty Information Center, there are already eighteen states that have abolished this archaic form of justice. Our society is moving towards a time and place where the death penalty is no longer an acceptable form of punishment. The use of the death sentence should be abolished from the justice system. The death sentence is an ineffective form of punishmentRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Form Of Torture97 1 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment is nothing new; executions have taken place for centuries. Capital punishment is utilized throughout the world. Thirty-six countries currently use the death penalty in law and practice. One hundred and three countries have abolished the death penalty completely. Whereas, six countries currently retain the death penalty for special circumstances, such as war crimes (CIA World Factbook). Whether capital punishment is an effective measure to curb future violent crimes is still debated

Throughout My Undergraduate Journey At Morgan State...

Throughout my undergraduate journey at Morgan State University, I constantly heard of the most infamous rumor that has been passed down for decades: Morgan State was ranked with the highest rate HIV/AIDS and 80% of the students attending the university were HIV positive. As a health education major, this did not sit with me well, and I started to conduct some research to prove whether this infamous rumor had any actuality. I wanted to utilize what I learned as a health education and promotion major. Using my knowledge from my Assessment, Implementation, Evaluation of Health Promotion Programs course, I implemented a program called the Student Wellness Ambassador Team also known as S.W.A.T. SW.A.T is dedicated to HIV/AIDS and STI†¦show more content†¦By becoming a student leader, I was able to embody the spirit of teamwork and partnership based on effective communication skills and respect for the contribution of others. My efforts with the Student Wellness Ambassador Team, along with my knowledge of some areas of public health led me to accept an internship with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Administration for Children and Families (ACF), in Washington, D.C. this past summer. The internship provided me with a greater understanding of a federal public health agency’s operation and allowed me to contribute in a variety of ways to the Health Education and Wellness Center in which I worked in conjunction with S.W.A.T. Most importantly, I evaluated and analyzed regulations, policy interpretations and guidance for 70 Tribal TANF programs and 79 Native Employment Works (NEW) Programs, in addition to analyzing audits and developing corrective action plans among the 70 approved Tribal TANF programs. Along with my duties at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, I attended the 2016 Research and Evaluation Conference on Self-Sufficiency (RECS).The conference focused on programs, policies and services that support low-income and vulnerable families on the path to economicShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Sleep Deprivation On Academic Performance Of College Students Essay2242 Words   |  9 Pagesdeprivation. These risks include an increased chance of obtaining diabetes and heart disease. For students, this dilemma can be solved by scheduling more time to sleep, but many do not see the importance of it. Some students even see value in studying throughout the night before a test the next morning because they believe it will improve their chances of scoring well. However, it is much more beneficial for students to maintain a regular and healthy sleep schedule, due to the fact that a significant lossRead MoreEducation response Essay example43180 Words   |  173 PagesA progre ss report by the Independent Reviewer on Social Mobility and Child Poverty October 2012 University Challenge: How Higher Education Can Advance Social Mobility A progress report by the Independent Reviewer on Social Mobility and Child Poverty October 2012 University Challenge: How Higher Education Can Advance Social Mobility Contents Foreword and summary 1 Chapter 1 Introduction 11 Chapter 2 Access all areas 19 Chapter 3 Making the grade Read More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesreserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaper / Lauren Sullivan and the staff of The Harbus.-2nd ed. p.em. ISBN 978...0..312...55007...3 1. Business schools-United States-Admission. 2. Exposition (Rhetoric)Read MoreStrategy Management18281 Words   |  74 Pagesin the United States of America. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic stor age or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printedRead MoreCOMM292 Case Studies23202 Words   |  93 Pages1. University of British Columbia Principles of Organizational Behaviour Girish Ananthanarayana COMM 329 - Section 202 - Winter Term 2 2014-15 Principles of Organizational Behaviour Girish Ananthanarayana COMM 329 - Section 202 - Winter Term 2 2014-15 University of British Columbia Table of Contents Teamwork Turmoil............................................................................................................................5 Campbell and Bailyns Boston Office: Managing the ReorganizationRead MoreRyanair Analyses44239 Words   |  177 Pagessystem 4.2.8. Frequent flyer programmes 30 31 31 32 32 33 34 5. Analysis of the macro environment 5.1. Introduction to the theoretical framework – PEST Analysis 5.2. Political/legal issues 5.2.1. Liberalising the European airline industry 5.2.2 State aid 5.2.3. Commision vs Ryanair/Charleroi Airport 5.2.4. Passenger rights in the EU 5.3. Economic issues 5.3.1. The world economy 5.3.2. Labour costs 5.3.3. Oil prices 5.3.3.1. Fuel-efficient aircraft 5.3.3.2. Fuel ferrying strategies 5.3.3.3. HedgingRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul SingaporeRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesContemporary Issues in Management Accounting This page intentionally left blank Contemporary Issues in Management Accounting Edited by ALNOOR BHIMANI 1 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico

Project Portfolio By Measuring Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Project Portfolio By Measuring Management? Answer: Introducation Portfolio management is science and art strategy for marketing decisions regarding the investment policy and strategies with regard to the investment objectives, balancing the risk in exchange of return and appropriate asset allocation for institutions and individuals; Various strategies are there that can be regarded as relevant if they are properly managed by the investors for increasing their return from portfolio over the time[1]. Apart from that, widely used strategies for active portfolio are the value screening strategy and the market timing strategy. These strategies can help the investors to improve their return[2]. Further, the investors may use the analysis of the financial statement to assess the performance of the stock and build the portfolio with preferable stock. However, using both the strategies mentioned above will assist the investor to improve their return from the active portfolio[3]. However, for passive portfolio both the strategies are not used. Strategies ar e elaborated below Screening strategy 10 stocks have been tracked and developed for screening strategies on the basis of their investment approaches. The screening strategy used by the companies where the relevant valuations are used by the investors for utilizing the information appropriately derived from the stock to improve the return. The screening strategy takes into consideration various factors like dividend income, P/E ratio, return on assets and return on equity, associated risks for evaluating the stock. The strategy also helps to recognize the investment opportunities, standard deviation that is risks of the stock to find out the ways for improve the return. This strategy is popular with the investors as it can assist in creating the appropriate portfolio that will give maximum return with minimum risk. Marketing timing strategy Market timing is the strategy used by investors under which he tries to recognize best times to enter the market and get out of the market depending on the market analysis and forecasts; the market timing is generally used by the financial analysts, brokers and the managers for portfolio for reaping the highest return for their clients[4]. Proper timing requires investors to assess when to enter 100% in the market and when to out 100% from 1 out of 3 classes of assets that are the money markets, bonds and stocks. Further, with the help of marketing strategies the investors can decide regarding the movement of assets from the weights of portfolio. Further, on the basis of expected movement of market and the probability of the return against risk, return can be assessed for each class of assets [5]. Therefore, both the strategies can be directly used for improving the return under active portfolio and constructing an appropriate portfolio. The market timing helps to identify the relevant opportunities associated with investment for increasing the return[6]. On the other hand, the screening strategies are used to recognize overall opportunities exist in the capital market. However, there is no particular strategy that can be used to construct the most appropriate portfolio. Therefore, using both strategies will assist the investors to construct an appropriate portfolio that will assist in getting maximum return with minimum risk[7]. Evaluation and comparison of result with regard to the passive and active portfolio returns Active portfolio Portfolio Return 0.444 -0.227 -0.687 -0.332 -0.445 -0.283 -0.474 Transaction Fees -0.02 -0.02 Net Return 0.424 -0.227 -0.687 -0.332 -0.445 -0.283 -0.494 Portfolio Value 50.00 50.424 50.197 49.510 49.178 48.733 48.450 47.956 Passive portfolio 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Investment Return Weighted Return Return Weighted Return Return Weighted Return Return Weighted Return Return Weighted Return Return Weighted Return Return Weighted Return SRI INDEX 25.00 -0.011% -0.003 -2.292% -0.573 -1.434% -0.358 -1.522% -0.381 -0.054% -0.014 -1.118% -0.280 -1.498% -0.374 10 yr. BOND 25.00 -5.144% -1.29 -3.595% -0.90 -3.467% -0.87 -3.848% -0.96 -2.742% -0.69 -2.375% -0.59 -2.659% -0.66 Portfolio Return -1.29 -1.47 -1.23 -1.34 -0.70 -0.87 -1.04 Annual Fees -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 -0.125 Net Portfolio Return -1.41 -1.60 -1.35 -1.47 -0.82 -1.00 -1.16 Portfolio Value 50.00 48.59 46.99 45.64 44.17 43.35 42.35 41.18 From the above analysis it is conclude that the above table reveals that with active portfolio the the value of the portfolio has been reduced from 50 to 47.96. On the contrary, the value of passive portfolio investment has been reduced from 50 to 41.18. Therefore, the reduction in value from passive portfolio is more by 6.78[8]. Analysis based on the theory Under the active portfolio, the investor has the option of covering up the reduction as all the 20 stocks have been selected from SRI stocks[9]. However, under passive portfolio there are no back up stocks for covering up the reduction as 10 stocks have been selected from SRI stocks and 10 stocks have been selected from non-SRI sticks[10]. Thus it is recognized that the relevant theory is required for constructing the efficient portfolio based on the market hypothesis. The SRI index and risk free rate have lower return as per the above calculation. The reason behind this is that the reduction in the screening from the analysis of 10 year bonds and that reduced the portfolios overall portfolio. Further, the losses from the risk free rate and SRI index is higher that reduced the overall value of the portfolio. Therefore, it is assumed that the strategies support the active portfolio that neglects the entire passive portfolio. Reference Aouni, Belaid, Cinzia Colapinto, and Davide La Torre. "Financial portfolio management through the goal programming model: Current state-of-the-art."European Journal of Operational Research234.2 (2014): 536-545. Beringer, Claus, Daniel Jonas, and Alexander Kock. "Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success."International Journal of Project Management31.6 (2013): 830-846. Chandra, Prasanna.Investment analysis and portfolio management. McGraw-Hill Education, 2017. Jonas, Daniel, Alexander Kock, and Hans Georg Gemnden. "Predicting project portfolio success by measuring management qualitya longitudinal study."IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management60.2 (2013): 215-226. Martinsuo, Miia. "Project portfolio management in practice and in context."International Journal of Project Management31.6 (2013): 794-803. Michalski, Grzegorz. "Portfolio management approach in trade credit decision making."arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.3823(2013). Picard, Robert G., ed.Media product portfolios: Issues in management of multiple products and business. Routledge, 2014. Pinto, Jeffrey K.Project management: achieving competitive advantage. Prentice Hall, 2015. Stettina, Christoph Johann, and Jeannette Hrz. "Agile portfolio management: An empirical perspective on the practice in use."International Journal of Project Management33.1 (2015): 140-152. Teller, Juliane, and Alexander Kock. "An empirical investigation on how portfolio risk management influences project portfolio success."International Journal of Project Management31.6 (2013): 817-829.

Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death Essay Example

Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death Paper We often recognise human beings as being distinct from other species for the ability to anticipate death. But death can simply mean ones biological termination and therefore not capture fully the philosophical questions which we associate with human existence. Critically discuss why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death. Mans ability to recognise death is a fundamental part of his existence; it can be said that this is what separates us from animals or mere things. The subject of death can be viewed and understood in different ways. Some may see death as the end of a story, and chose to ignore or fight against it. An Existentialist however, would prefer to incorporate death as part of their whole existence. In this essay I will discuss how an Existentialist would prefer to speak of finitude rather than death. I will look at how his understanding of existence differentiates from that of somebody who thinks of death as something to be shunned. I will attempt to analyse how this Existential outlook on human existence helps them to deal with philosophical questions of morality, guilt, and ultimately authentic existence. I will endeavour to evaluate the problems that may arise from such a view on existence, and ascertain how death factors in to the Existentialist view. Humans are finite beings. Finitude in itself enables us to account for what is creative in the capacities of the finite human creature. Heidegger calls fate the association of the two senses of finitude: as project of being and as dependence upon pregiven being. (Kerszberg 1997, p238) It can be said that there is no absolute freedom for humans, and this encompasses the tragedy of existence. We will write a custom essay sample on Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why an existentialist might prefer to speak of finitude rather than death specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One way of defining this tragedy may be seen as a clash between the aspirations of human freedom and creativity with a cosmic order that is stronger and defeats man (Macquarrie 1972, p189). Its this limitation of man combined with the tragedy that makes us human. When an Existentialist is speaking of finitude, he means that we have simply been thrown into existence and we must accept our inward awareness of our very own being. Each individual persons existence is characterised by facticity in that we have not chosen to be, but rather, we are just here. We are stuck with our particular being; our genetic and hereditary selves, our place and moment in history and society etc. We do have possibilities in life, but they are confined by the external forces acting upon us. In this sense facticity can be seen as an opposite to possibility, or rather Existence never escapes from the tension between possibility and facticity. On the one side man is open and projects his possibilities; on the other side he is closed by the factual situation in which he already finds himself. (Macquarrie 1972, p192). It may be difficult for us to view death as anything other than a simple end to ones life. This biological death may be seen as an interruption of life, but if we accept this we cannot experience existence as a whole. Martin Heidegger believed that one way of overcoming this difficulty was to shift attention from death as the once-for-all observable fact at the end of life to the existents inward awareness that his being is a being-towards-death. (Macquarrie 1973, p195). So death is something that is already possible, in fact, the most possible thing in ones existence. Heidegger relates death to care, and this incorporates the everyday being of the Dasein (my beingness). It arises from the tension between the forward thrust of possibility into the future and the facticity of the situation into which the existent is already thrown, together with falling into the world and the they. (Macquarrie 1972, p196). One aspect of this is that death can be viewed upon as a supreme possibility of human existence. All the possibilities that we see before us are laid out before death one after the other. We can only experience one thing at a time and each of these things comes before the ultimate possibility of death still a possibility even though it can be an end to others. For Heidegger, he asks that we should anticipate death and that it should be an included factor into the way we experience certain events. For this reason the Existentialist will prefer to speak of finitude rather than the basic concept of death as it allows them to become aware that existence has boundaries and thus can contemplate it as a finite whole. There is a great difference in existential attitude between the man who lives in the face of an end and the man who systematically excludes the thought of death, or seeks to do so. Macquarrie 1972, p197). This relation of death to facticity is that the possibility of death is aimed at the future; facticity involves things that have already happened this possibility of death, to the Existentialist, is a current consideration. Nobody believes that death is something that can be stopped or is something that they would want to stop living forever may be a monstrosity. Another aspect of care is the falling. This entails becoming absorb ed into the world and being overwhelmed by external forces, thus becoming a part of the they. The people who are falling have shunned the notion of death and will try to avoid it where possible. People create institutions to deal with the subject of death; funerals are big business and delay the onset of decomposition with methods such as embalming. These people try to ignore and forget about death. Heidegger claims that death, honestly accepted and anticipated, can become an integrating factor in an authentic existence. (Macquarrie 1972, p198). For some Existentialists, death is the final absurdity, just as absurd as life itself. Camus states Human insurrection is a prolonged protest against death (Macquarrie 1972, p198) So death can be viewed as the ultimate symbol of the finitude of mans existence. There are some problems that arise for the Existentialist when an existence has a lack of wholeness. As humans relate differently to time than animals or things, there are a number of tensions that arise and it is almost improbably for there not to be. A human projects himself into the future For the thing or animal, the present only is real; the past is no longer and the future is not yet, and this means in effect that they are unreal. Macquarrie 1972, p200). For humans we should try to gather the past, present and future together in a quest for wholeness. With these Existential ideas in place, we can examine the difficulties involved when discussing finitude. If somebody were to dwell on the future exclusively, then they may be in danger of being overcome by fantasy and have a fear of the past. A preoccupation with the past is just as damaging, as we may paralyse our genuine willingness. We could deny ourselves exposure to new things and changes because of our routines we have adopted. Another common imbalance would be that of the present. In this sense man can become akin to an animal or a thing because of circumstances determined for him possibly institutionalised code for example and have thus, fallen into the they. Its questions and considerations like these, which arise from speaking of finitude rather than death. The problem of guilt arises for the Existentialist where the disorder of human existence is noted. Existing is projecting oneself into the future, but there is a flaw between this and where we currently are in the present. For the Existentialist this may be seen as a flaw that allows for morality. It is similar to the idea of falling set out by Heidegger. Nietzsche described this flaw of man as the thing that makes it possible for one to become super-man, but at the same time the deterioration of man. As humans we must take responsibility for our being; we must attempt to strive for authentic experience and true self-hood. Existentialists will not agree that there is a blueprint for such an ambition. Man must decide who he will be, and more than this, each individual must decide the question for himself. In contrary to this an inauthentic existence would be one where external forces limited your creativity and ability to find ones true self. Sartre said You are free, therefore choose that is to say, invent. No rule of general morality can show you what you ought to do; no signs are vouchsafed in this world (Macquarrie 1972, p207). Some may critique this idea however as surely we would be abandoning true humanity if everybody just did their own thing. It is possible that we may already be comfortable in our current situation but we must not let our existence stagnate because of it. So, an Existentialist would prefer to speak of finitude rather than death, as it focuses on human existence as a whole, and as such, allows them to obtain authentic experience. It allows us to preserve the autonomy of existence. In striving to realise values that are truly our own we can avoid the downfalls of an inauthentic experience such as falling or our lives becoming stagnated. To ignore death or to think of it as a bad thing that should be fought against is detrimental to humanity in the eyes of an existentialist, and destroys our chances at being able to ask some of the most fundamental philosophical questions of our existence.

Comparitive Policing essays

Comparitive Policing essays Singapore is a country located in South-East Asia, it is an island between Malaysia and Indonesia with a population of approximately 3,490,356. There are four official languages used in Singapore, these being Chinese, Malay, Tamil and English. Singapore is a Republic within the Commonwealth and gained its independence from Malaysia on the 9th of August 1965. It is a modern democracy with a unicameral parliament, having a president as the head of state. The government holds both an Executive and Legislative branch. The Executive branch consist of a chief of state: President ONG Teng Cheong (since 1 September 1993), head of government: Prime Minister GOH Chok Tong and Deputy Prime Ministers LEE Hsien Loong and Tony TAN Keng Yam. The President appoints the Cabinet, they are responsible to the Parliament. Elections for president are by popular vote and office is held for a six-year term. Following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed Prime Minister by the President so to are the deputy Prime Ministers. The Legislative branch is a unicameral Parliament for which members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms. There are five major political parties in Singapore, however, the Peoples Action Party (PAP) have been in power since Singapores independence. No other parties have yet won an election in Singapore. A number of strategies involving the civil legal processes (bankruptcy and libel) have been used to ensure that the opposition parties have remained ineffective. The Countrys Police force has come a long way since its foundation in 1819. The Singapore Police Force (SPF) can be compared to a State Police service within Australia, the total strength of the SPF is around 7,000 personnel. Policing in Singapore is based on the support and trust of the public as the heart of the SPF is its community Policing role. It relies ...